Complete Guide to Baby Teething: Symptoms, Pain Relief Methods, and What Parents Should Know

When Do Babies Start Teething?

Teething typically begins between 4 and 12 months of age, but the timing can vary for each child. Many babies get their first 1 to 4 teeth within the first year of life. However, some may not have their first tooth until around 6 months, while others might have only two teeth by the age of two.

Pediatricians agree that the timing of tooth eruption is largely genetic, so there’s no need to worry if a baby hasn’t developed teeth by 12 or even 14 months. Each baby’s teething journey is unique and can happen earlier or later than average.

 

The Natural Teething Process in Babies

The timing and progression of teething vary, but the process is gradual and developmental. During this stage, the primary (baby) teeth slowly move from beneath the gums to the surface.

These teeth begin as small buds below the gums and, over time, push upward as they grow. The pressure from the growing tooth triggers the body to release specific chemicals that break down gum tissue cells, making room for the tooth to emerge.

This biological mechanism is designed to happen without causing significant gum damage, though it may still lead to discomfort and fussiness in the baby.

 

Common Symptoms of Baby Teething

Teething can come with a range of symptoms, which may confuse or concern parents. Common signs include:

• Swollen or tender gums
  
  
• Increased drooling
  
  
• Irritability or restlessness
  
  
• Chewing on objects or hands
  
  
• Slight fever (not above 38°C)
  
  
• Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
  
  

These signs are usually mild and temporary, but they may cause your baby to be more clingy or fussy during this stage.

 

Effective Ways to Soothe Teething Pain

There are several safe and helpful ways to ease your baby’s teething discomfort:

• Teething rings or toys: Chilled (not frozen) silicone teethers can provide relief by gently massaging the gums.
  
  
• Teething gels or creams: These may be recommended by your pediatrician for localized relief.
  
  
• Pain relievers: Medications like acetaminophen (Tylenol) can be used under the guidance of a doctor for severe discomfort.
  
  
• Massage: Gently rubbing your baby’s gums with a clean finger or a cool, damp cloth can help reduce pain.
  
  

Always consult your doctor before using any over-the-counter medication or topical treatment.

 

Is There a Link Between Teething and Intelligence?

One common myth is the belief that early teething is a sign of high intelligence. Some parents assume that babies who get teeth earlier are more advanced intellectually. However, there is no scientific evidence to support this idea.

The timing of a baby’s first tooth is influenced primarily by genetics, body development, and overall health, not cognitive ability or intelligence.

 

 

What Are the Most Common Signs of Teething in Babies?

Teething symptoms in babies often appear days or even weeks before the first tooth emerges. In many cases, the first visible signs include gum inflammation, swelling, and white spots on the gums. These symptoms may also be accompanied by changes in mood, increased sensitivity, and a strong desire to suck or bite objects.

Not all babies experience every symptom at once, but most show at least a few signs. It’s also important to note that each baby’s teething experience is different, and the intensity of symptoms can vary from mild to more noticeable.

Here are the most common and widely observed teething symptoms in babies:

1. Excessive drooling
   
   
2. Irritability and restlessness, especially at night
   
   
3. Sleep disturbances or frequent night waking
   
   
4. Refusal to eat due to gum pain and inflammation
   
   
5. Strong urge to suck fingers or bite objects
   
   
6. Swelling, redness, or bulging in the gum area
   
   
7. Red or flushed cheeks
   
   
8. Pulling or rubbing ears, especially on the side of the emerging tooth
   
   
9. Itchy gums and desire to apply pressure on them using objects
   
   
10. Frequent crying or fussiness
    
    
11. Rubbing the face or chin
    
    
12. Mild fever (in some cases)
    
    
13. Slight weight loss, since the baby may eat less due to gum discomfort
    
    

Parents should recognize these signs and offer extra care and attention during this sensitive time. When necessary, consult with a pediatrician to explore safe and effective methods for soothing teething pain.

read: Fast treatment of canker sores

 

 

What Do a Baby’s Gums Look Like During Teething?

When a baby’s teeth begin to erupt, their gums undergo noticeable changes. The gum tissue is normally firm, and for teeth to emerge, it must be broken through—a process that can take time and may cause some visible and physical effects. During teething, a baby’s gums often show the following features:

1. Redness and inflammation in the area where the tooth is emerging
   
   
2. Tenderness or sensitivity, as the tooth pushes through the gum tissue
   
   
3. Temporary swelling at the site of the erupting tooth

 

The Relationship Between Fever and Baby Teething

One of the common concerns for parents during a baby’s teething is fever. Many babies experience an increase in body temperature at the same time as tooth eruption. This fever is usually mild and often starts one or two days before the tooth breaks through and decreases after the tooth emerges.

The reason for this fever may be pressure from the tooth on the gum, local inflammation, or stimulation of the immune system.

On the other hand, during this period, the baby puts everything in their mouth to relieve gum itching. This behavior may ease the entry of germs and viruses into the baby’s body and lead to fever or even signs of infection. Therefore, if the fever is above 38°C or lasts for several days, it is better to have it checked by a doctor.

Also, some babies experience other symptoms along with fever, such as loss of appetite or restlessness. In such cases, if teething symptoms are also accompanied by diarrhea and no improvement occurs over several days, the possibility of a viral illness or gastrointestinal infection arises, and a more thorough evaluation by a pediatrician is needed.

In general, mild fever during this period is normal, but high fever or fever along with symptoms like persistent diarrhea should be taken seriously.

 

 

Change in Stool Color and Its Connection to Baby Teething

During the teething period, many parents notice changes in their baby's stool color or texture. These changes often appear as looser stools with a greenish-yellow color and are usually harmless and temporary. The main reason for this is the increased saliva production during teething, which enters the digestive system and alters the consistency of the stool.

In most cases, this condition improves with proper nutrition and a bit of care. However, if the change in color or texture is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or lethargy, it's important to consult a doctor, as it could indicate something beyond a normal teething process.

 

Is Diarrhea a Symptom of Baby Teething?

To answer this question: while some parents believe that diarrhea is among the symptoms of baby teething, this has not been scientifically confirmed as a direct link.

What usually happens is that during this period, the baby puts everything in their mouth due to gum itching. This behavior can introduce bacteria or viruses into the body and irritate the digestive system, which may lead to mild diarrhea.

If the baby's diarrhea lasts for several days or is accompanied by fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite, it can no longer be attributed solely to teething symptoms and should be evaluated by a doctor. Therefore, paying attention to signs and maintaining oral and surrounding hygiene during this period is very important.

 

 

Side Effects of Teething in Babies

For many infants, teething is a painful and challenging process, and it may be accompanied by various side effects. During this period, several common issues can arise, which parents should be aware of. These side effects include:

 

Changes in Mood and Behavior

This is one of the most common problems during teething. Babies may experience loss of appetite, picky eating, restlessness, irritability, crankiness, and trouble sleeping due to the pain and discomfort of emerging teeth. These changes can cause anxiety and concern for parents.

 

Eruption Cysts

In some cases, cysts form in the area where the tooth is growing. These are known as eruption cysts, and they appear as bluish, raised bumps. They can form when a tooth is erupting more slowly than usual. These cysts may be painful and should be monitored and treated by a doctor.

 

Cold-like Symptoms

Some children may show cold-like symptoms during the teething process. These can include runny nose, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and other digestive issues. These symptoms are usually caused by changes in the immune system during teething.

 

Digestive Problems

During this stage, babies may experience digestive issues such as poor nutrition, loss of appetite, and acid reflux. Some babies are unable to eat properly due to teething pain, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies and digestive discomfort.

 

 

Stages of Tooth Development in Babies

The teething process in babies usually begins with the appearance of one of the lower front teeth. While some babies show signs of teething as early as 4 months, others may not show any signs until the end of their first year.

In some cases, a white tooth bud under the gum may be visible as early as 3 months, but it might take weeks or even months before the tooth fully emerges.

Although teething commonly starts in the lower jaw, some babies may first get an upper tooth, which is completely normal. In most cases, however, the teething order begins with the lower central incisors, which are the most likely to erupt early.

The usual timeline for baby teeth eruption is as follows:

• 5 to 7 months: The lower central incisors are usually the first teeth to erupt.
  
  
• 6 to 8 months: The upper central incisors begin to come in.
  
  
• 9 to 11 months: The upper lateral incisors start to appear.
  
  
• 10 to 12 months: The lower lateral incisors
  
  
• 12 to 16 months: The first molars in both jaws begin to erupt.
  
  
• 16 to 20 months: The canine (cuspid) teeth, which are slightly farther back, begin to grow and may be more painful for the baby.
  
  
• After 20 months: The second molars at the back of the upper and lower jaws come in.
  
  

It's important to note that these timeframes are approximate, and each child may experience teething differently. Therefore, it's not possible to set an exact age as the "ideal" time for teething. Also, canines and molars are usually more difficult to erupt and may cause more discomfort and fussiness in babies.

Knowing the natural stages and order of tooth eruption helps parents be better prepared for this important phase.

 

Is It Normal If Baby Teeth First Appear in the Upper Jaw?

If your baby’s first teeth come in from the upper jaw, there’s no need for concern. Although teething usually starts with the lower front teeth, sometimes the upper ones appear first, and that’s perfectly normal.

This variation is typically due to genetic factors and individual differences. A change in teething order is common and is not a sign of any growth issue or developmental problem. What truly matters is tracking overall dental development and maintaining your baby's oral health throughout the process.

 

 

Causes of Delayed Teething in Babies

When a baby’s teeth emerge later than usual, this is referred to as delayed tooth eruption. Several factors can contribute to delayed teething, including genetics, body size, nutrition, and certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism.

If your baby has no teeth by 18 months, it’s advisable to consult a pediatric dentist or doctor. Also, babies born prematurely may start teething a few months later than full-term infants, so a delay may still be within the normal range.

If your baby shows clear signs of teething—like excessive drooling, gum swelling, etc.—but no teeth have erupted yet, it's a good idea to talk to your doctor. Note that teething-related crying shouldn’t be so intense and prolonged that it causes significant discomfort for your child.

 

Causes of Early Teething in Babies

Some babies may begin teething earlier than others. The cause of early teething is often related to genetic or physiological factors specific to the child. While early teething may raise concerns for some parents, it’s important to know that in most cases, it does not lead to any serious problems.

 

How to Help Your Baby Through Teething

Teething is a significant yet challenging stage in a baby’s development. During this time, babies may become fussy, sensitive, and even develop a low-grade fever. Symptoms such as gum pain, swelling, itching, and a strong urge to bite are common signs of teething. Below are effective methods to help ease your baby’s discomfort:

 

Using a Cold Teether

A teether is one of the simplest tools for relieving gum pain during teething. Made of safe silicone or plastic, it is designed for the baby to hold and bite easily.

Chilling the teether in the refrigerator for a few hours makes it even more effective. The coolness reduces inflammation and provides a natural numbing effect, easing the baby’s pain. If your baby hasn’t yet learned to hold the teether, you can gently apply it to the gums yourself.

 

 

Gum Massage by Hand

Gum massage is an old but very effective method. Wash your hands with warm water and soap to ensure cleanliness, then use one finger to gently press and rub the baby’s gums.

This gentle pressure stimulates blood flow in the gum tissue and helps relieve itching and discomfort. If your baby is especially fussy and constantly chewing on things, this can be a calming and safe alternative.

 

Using Cold Foods

If your baby has started eating solid foods, offering cold foods such as applesauce, mashed banana, or plain cold yogurt can help soothe the gums.

The coldness of the food acts like a soft compress, helping reduce pain and swelling. Some parents also use chilled celery sticks for babies to chew on. However, always supervise closely to prevent choking hazards from any food pieces that might break off.

 

Using Acetaminophen During Teething

If natural methods aren’t enough and your baby is extremely uncomfortable, your doctor may recommend a pain reliever. Acetaminophen syrup is the most common option and is prescribed based on the baby’s weight and symptoms.

Use of acetaminophen during teething must follow your doctor’s exact instructions. Overuse not only fails to ease pain but can also lead to liver damage and other serious side effects. Never give your baby pain medication without medical guidance.

 

Topical Soothing Gels

Topical gels and ointments designed for teething contain numbing agents like benzocaine that provide temporary relief by numbing the gums. These products are generally recommended for babies over 2 years old, and using them in younger infants requires close medical supervision.

It’s important to know that topical gels wear off quickly, and some parents may be tempted to reapply frequently—but this is not advised. If you notice the gel’s effect fades quickly, it’s better to consider more natural alternatives.

 

Herbal Remedies for Teething

Traditional medicine also offers its own remedies for relieving teething symptoms. Some medicinal herbs have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and calming properties when used correctly and in the proper dosage.

• Chamomile: Soak a clean cloth in cooled chamomile tea and gently rub it on the baby’s gums. Chamomile has soothing and anti-inflammatory effects.
  
  
• Clove oil: Mix a very small amount of clove oil with coconut oil and massage it gently onto the gums using a clean finger. Use extremely small amounts, as clove oil is strong and may cause irritation.
  
  
• Fresh ginger: Rub a very small piece of fresh ginger on the gums for a few seconds. This method should be used with caution and in minimal amounts, as it may cause a burning sensation in some babies.

 

Suitable Foods During Baby Teething

During the teething phase, proper nutrition plays a crucial role in soothing teething symptoms and reducing discomfort. Foods rich in vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus support healthy tooth development and strengthen the teeth.

Additionally, offering soft and cool foods can help babies swallow more easily and relieve gum pain. To help reduce crying and discomfort during teething, consider preparing the following foods for your baby:

1. Yogurt
   
   
2. Eggs
   
   
3. Fruit and vegetable purees such as cooked carrots, apples, bananas, and avocado
   
   
4. Boiled potatoes or pumpkin
   
   
5. Chicken soup or bone broth
   
   

These foods not only promote dental health, but also help in easing the baby’s discomfort during teething.

 

Oral Care After Baby Teeth Erupt

After your baby’s teeth begin to erupt, maintaining oral hygiene becomes very important. Baby teeth are very vulnerable during this stage and may be at risk for issues like cavities or even dental abscesses. To protect your child’s teeth and prevent damage, be sure to follow these key care tips:

1. Limit carbohydrate intake to reduce the risk of tooth decay.
   
   
2. Gently brush your child’s teeth twice a day using a soft toothbrush.
   
   
3. Avoid using dental floss for your child before the age of 6.
   
   
4. Rinse your child’s mouth with water after every meal or bottle feeding.
   
   
5. Do not use toothpaste before age 2 unless advised by a dentist.
   
   

Following these guidelines will help maintain healthy teeth and prevent oral problems in the future.

 

 

Conclusion: Proper Care for a Smoother Teething Experience

Teething is a natural but challenging process that comes with various symptoms. For parents, understanding the signs of teething and the order in which baby teeth erupt can make this stage easier to manage.

It’s also important to remember that there is no proven scientific link between intelligence and early teething, so there is no need to worry about the speed or delay of your baby’s tooth eruption. Every child follows their own unique timeline, and timely care can significantly reduce the pain and discomfort associated with this phase.

If you have any concerns about your baby's teething process or notice unusual symptoms, it is highly recommended to consult with a pediatric specialist. Dr. Ebadian’s Dental Clinic is ready to provide expert guidance and support to help you care for your baby’s oral health.